Genital warts (Condylomata acuminata)
Explanation
Genital warts are a highly infectious viral disease caused by so-called human papilloma viruses (HPV). These viruses are transmitted almost exclusively through unprotected sexual contact. However, due to the high infection potential, other forms of transmission, e.g. sharing a towel, are also conceivable. Certain types of the HP viruses represent a significant risk factor for the development of penis carcinoma or cervical cancer.
FGenital warts are the most common sexually transmitted disease, although no exact statistics are available.
Diagnosis
Initially, only a small, rough elevation of the affected skin area is noticeable. In the course of time, however, this can lead to large cockscomb or cauliflower-like (often weeping) growths. They are mainly found on the penis and scrotum, on the vagina and labia, around the anus and, rarely, on the oral mucosa. Occasionally the condylomas also occur in the front part of the urethra. In women, the disease often goes undetected for a long time.
Therapy
The warts are removed using various laser procedures or with electricity. Alternatively, a local drug treatment is possible. In all cases, the sexual partner must be examined and, if necessary, treated as well. During this time, protected sexual intercourse must be ensured in order to avoid a "ping-pong effect"
The removal of condylomas with laser or high-frequency current is usually carried out under local anaesthetic. In the case of extensive findings, however, a partial or general anaesthetic may be necessary.
In order to rule out the presence of urethral condylomas, a cystoscopy may be necessary, whereby any warts found can be removed in the same session. However, a short anaesthetic is necessary for this.
Vaccination against genital warts
The STIKO (Standing Vaccination Commission) has recommended vaccination against high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 since 2007.
The vaccination should be administered to girls between the ages of 9 and 14. Missed vaccinations should be made up by the age of 18 at the latest.
In this way, almost 98% protection against the aforementioned virus types can be achieved (provided no HPV infection present already) and thus also almost certain protection against cervical cancer.
Recommended vaccines:
At the age of 9 to 13 (Gardasil®) or 9 to 14 years (Cervarix®). The vaccination costs are covered by the health insurance.
Vaccination for boys?
At present, STIKO has not yet recommended HPV vaccination for boys. However, the vaccine Gardasil® is also approved for boys from the age of 9 years; the doctor treating them can carry out the vaccination. The question of who will bear the costs should be clarified in advance with the health insurance provider.
